Managing, allocating, and effectively using land and resources, protecting the environment, proactively responding to climate change, and mitigating natural disasters are urgent requirements in promoting Vietnam’s sustainable development and receives full attention from the Party and the State. Managing, exploiting, and using natural resources economically and effectively, protecting the environment, and responding to climate change are goals and content within sustainable development. Green transformation, digital transformation, and circular economic transformation are challenges and opportunities for Vietnam to develop sustainably and achieve its goal of becoming a developed, high-income country by 2045.