The level of investment in science and technology in Vietnam remains limited. According to analysts, investing in science, technology, and innovation via different capital sources, including from the public and private sectors, plays a very important role. Vietnam needs to mobilize all of its budget and private resources to invest in science and technology to create new growth engines for the economy. To remove inadequacies in payment and settlement for scientific and technological tasks, research activities in the field need to apply a more specific mechanism than other State budget expenditure. It is necessary to research and develop specific mechanisms, accept risks and failures in science, and remove administrative barriers in the management of scientific research activities.